First principles Candu fuel model and validation experimentation
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Many modeling projects on nuclear fuel rest on a quantitative understanding of the co- existing phases at various stages of burnup. Since the various fission products have considerably different abilities to chemically associate with oxygen, and the O/M ratio is slowly changing as well, the chemical potential (generally expressed as an equivalent oxygen partial pressure) is a function of burnup. Concurrently, well-recognized small fractions of new phases such as inert gas, noble metals, zirconates, etc. also develop. To further complicate matters, the dominant UO2 fuel phase may be non-stoichiometric and most of minor phases have a variable composition dependent on temperature and possible contact with the coolant in the event of a sheathing defect. A Thermodynamic Fuel Model to predict the phases in partially burned CANDU nuclear fuel containing many major fission products has been under development. This model is capable of handling non-stoichiometry in the UO2 fluorite phase, dilute solution behaviour of significant solute oxides, noble metal inclusions, a second metal solid solution U(Pd-Rh-Ru)3, zirconate and uranate solutions as well as other minor solid phases, and volatile gaseous species. The treatment is a melding of several thermodynamic modeling projects dealing with isolated aspects of this important multi-component system. To simplify the computations, the number of elements has been limited to twenty major representative fission products known to appear in spent fuel. The proportion of elements must first be generated using SCALES-5. Oxygen is inferred from the concentration of the other elements. Provision to study the disposition of very minor fission products is included within the general treatment but these are introduced only on an as needed basis for a particular purpose. The building blocks of the model are the standard Gibbs energies of formation of the many possible compounds expressed as a function of temperature. To these data are added mixing terms associated with the appearance of the component species in particular phases. To validate the model, coulometric titration experiments relating the chemical potential of oxygen to the moles of oxygen introduced to SIMFUEL are underway. A description of the apparatus to oxidize and reduce samples in a controlled way in a H2/H2O mixture is presented. Existing measurements for irradiated fuel, both defected and non-defected, are also being incorporated into the validation process.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle