Fiscal Restraint and Subsidies to Businesses: Regional Dimensions *. (Research Notes/Notes De Recherche)
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
'Fiscal Restraint and Subsidies to Business: Regional Dimensions.' This paper analyses the changes in government subsidies to business during the 1992 to 1998 period. The distribution of federal subsidies by province suggests that federal subsidies were not a factor in explaning different performances of regional economies in Canada during this period. [much less than] Les restrictions fiscales et les subventions aux entreprises : dimensions regionales.[much greater than] Dans cette article, les changements des subventions gouvernementales aux entreprises ont ete analyse pendant la periode 1992 a 1998. La distribution des subventions du gouvernement federal entre les provinces suggere que ces subventinos n'ont pas ete un facteur cle pour expliquer les performances differentes des regions diverses du Canada pendant cette periode. ********** The 1990s witnessed a dramatic turnaround in the fiscal position of federal and provincial governments m Canada. The federal government built a fiscal structure that eliminated the budget deficit and is capable, in the absence of discretionary policies, of generating large and increasing surpluses over time. Provincial governments also stabilised their fiscal systems and were successful in moving towards balanced budgets. This fiscal re-structuring involved changes to both taxation and government spending. This paper focuses on one special component of government spending, subsidies to businesses. Government subsidies to businesses been criticised on various grounds. They are viewed as government interference in the operation of the free markets that leads to distortions of private choices and the mis-allocation of resources. Some authors argued that the distortions generated by subsidies when used for regional development policy may been harmful to the economies of the less affluent provinces and retarded the process of convergence. The issues arising from the efficiency effects of subsidies are not discussed in this paper. The focus of this paper, instead, is an evaluation of the pattern of government subsidies during the period of fiscal restraint from 1992 to 1998. Its main purpose is to answer the following questions: - To what extent did fiscal restraint by federal and provincial-local governments, separately and in total, affect the level of subsidies to businesses? - Did fiscal restraint reduce inter-provincial differences in subsidies? - Did fiscal restraint affect the relative amount of subsidies received by businesses in the three richest (have) provinces and the equalisation-receiving (have-not) provinces? The answers to the above questions will provide some insights into the changes in government policies aimed at regional disparities, and delivered through government subsidies to businesses, brought about by fiscal restraint. The paper is organised as follows. First, the methodology is discussed. Then, some basic information on the level of subsidies provided by federal and provincial-local governments during the 1992-98 period is presented. Following this, the changes in the inter-provincial variation in indicators of subsidies that occurred during the 1992-98 period and the changes in the relationship between have and have-not provinces are evaluated. The final section contains some concluding remarks. Methodological Issues Definition Business enterprises receive assistance from government through two main channels: (a) direct cash payments, and (b) indirect assistance through vehicles such as forgivable loans, loan guarantees, technical assistance, and preferential tax treatment in the personal and corporate income tax systems (tax expenditures). This paper focuses on the first component only. Data on government subsidies are found in Statistics Canada's Provincial Economic Accounts (PEA). …
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| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,024 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
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