Application of model-based approach for testing dynamic systems

In today’s world, systems that contain software are everywhere. They may be observed in common devices employed in everyday living (e.g., coffee machines, washing machines, cell phones) as well as in sophisticated engineering systems (e.g., cars, planes, spacecrafts). As the complexity of control systems grows, testing becomes more and time consuming. Poorly tested systems may cost producers billions of dollars annually especially when defects are found by end users in production environments. Barry Boehm’s research analysis [5] indicates that the cost of removing a software defect grows exponentially for each stage of the development life cycle in which it remains undiscovered. Boris Beizer [2] estimates that 30 up to 90 percentage of the effort in put into testing. Another research project conducted by the United States Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology [21] estimated that software defects cost the U.S. economy $60 billion per year. There are several facts that show clearly possible consequences of poorly tested systems. On February 25, 1991, an Iraqi Scud hit the barracks in Dhahran in Saudi Arabia, killing 28 soldiers from the US Army. This accident was caused by software error in the system’s clock [20]. The Patriot missile battery has been in operation for 100 hours, by which time the system’s internal clock had drifted by one third of a second. For a target moving as fast as Scud, this was equivalent to a position error of 600 meters. Another example is connected with Therac-25 radiation therapy machine that was produced by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and CGR of France. The machine was involved with at least six known accidents between 1985 and 1987, in which patients were given massive overdoses of radiation, which were in some cases on the order of hundreds of grays [13]. At least five patients died of the overdoses. These accidents were caused by errors in software control application. One of the most infamous computer bugs in history was found during flight 501 that took place on June 4, 1996. This was the first, and unsuccessful, test flight of the European Ariane 5 expendable lunch system. Due to an error in the software design (inadequate protection from integer

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