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Record W100502903 · doi:10.26077/ry9p-qs64

An Efficient Approach to Subsystem Design: Autonomous GNC - A Case Study

2025· article· en· W100502903 on OpenAlex
Mak Tafazoli, Darius Nikanpour, Sid Saraf

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueDigital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicParallel Computing and Optimization Techniques
Canadian institutionsCarleton UniversityCanadian Space Agency
Fundersnot available
KeywordsComputer scienceSystems engineeringEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Budgets are shrinking, therefore the space community is focusing on small satellites to satisfy a wide range of applications. New and emerging technologies are helping to make small satellite development less costly. However, matching improvements in the design and development process are also required. In this regard, simulation is playing an increasingly important role. The paper describes the design and development of a typical small satellite's autonomous Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) subsystem supported by a graphical simulation tool. The GNC is one of the critical technology elements and could be a significant cost driver on future small satellite programs due to the high costs of the ground segment. The paper will focus on different aspects of GNC design including the on-board software development through concurrent simulation and hardware-in-the-Ioop integration and testing. In introduction, the paper explains the concurrent engineering design approach using a graphical simulation tool. The focus is then shifted onto the Canadian Smart Satellite Mini Platform program. This is followed by a general discussion on autonomous GNC subsystem. The need for establishing a framework for a complete spacecraft simulation architecture is presented followed by a brief description of individual simulation models. In addition, the advantages of using concurrent simulation for on-board software development and GNC design are discussed. In conclusion, the paper describes the advantages of using simulation as a concurrent design tool and the potential benefits gained from autonomous GNC.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.807
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.025
GPT teacher head0.243
Teacher spread0.218 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it