Fostering the Business of Innovation: The Untold Story of Bowers v. Baystate Technologies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes the implementation of the Canadian Hospital Pharmacy Workload Measurement System (CHPWMS) by the pharmacy department of a 475-bed long term care facility. The CHPWMS description of a computerized individual patient prescription service provided the basis for the implementation. Following an initial appraisal of similarities between chronic care pharmacy services and the services outlined by CHPWMS, a program was developed and evaluated with the assistance of a pharmacist consultant. During a four-month trial all measurable work was recorded in a process that separated reportable (CHPWMS-defined) activities from other work activities. Eighty percent of the department's workload was accountable as reportable units using standard times. Nonreportable workload was documented using actual times, and adapted standard times. Dispensing accounted for the largest proportion of workload (79%). Manufacturing was the most frequently performed nonreportable activity. Pharmacist workload supported the desired level of 50% nondispensing activities. The productivity index of available worked hours was 70%. The consistent pattern of the recording suggested staff commitment. The program has been used to justify and monitor staffing levels.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".