Interaction between maternal 5-HTT genotype and prenatal stress exposure, confirmation in two independent samples (P2.229)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Examine the interaction between maternal 5-HTT genotype and prenatal stress exposure in autism. BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest prenatal psychosocial stressors during specific prenatal epochs increase the risk of autism. Absence of a 44bp segment of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) promoter region is related to stress responsivity, and has inconsistently been associated with autism. If maternal presence of at least one copy this stress-associated short allele (S-allele) of 5-HTT increases risk of autism with prenatal stress exposure, one would expect the prenatal stress exposure in autism to be more frequently observed in mothers with the S-allele. DESIGN/METHODS: Sixty mothers of children with autism at University of Missouri, and 99 at Queen's University were genotyped, accompanied by surveys regarding prenatal psychosocial stress exposure, and timing of these stressors, as with our previous work. Stress exposure incidence was compared between mothers carrying the S-allele and mothers lacking the S-allele using Chi-square, performed separately for the previously reported critical window of months 5-6 of gestation, and for the entire pregnancy. RESULTS: For both samples, stress exposure during months 5-6 of gestation was significantly higher among mothers with the S-allele (Missouri-p=0007, Queen's-p=0.037), with no relationship for the entire pregnancy (p=0.13) for Missouri, but a significant relationship for the entire pregnancy (0.018) for Queen's. To determine whether the maternal S-allele might increase recall of prenatal stress, the stress surveys were also completed for unaffected siblings pregnancies. Reported stress exposure was not higher in S-allele mothers for unaffected sibling pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that maternal genotype for stress susceptibility genes is a critical factor in the effect of prenatal stress exposure on autism. Further understanding of the mechanism may eventually allow the possibility of prevention in some cases. Study Supported by: Mizzou Advantage, University of Missouri Mission Enhancement Funds, Ongwanada Resource Center
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".