Bibliographic record
Abstract
South Africa is internationally known for its bizarre official position on AIDS. Apparently, former President Thabo Mbeki relied on Internet sites to conclude that HIV did not cause AIDS even though this view conflicts with the world's reputable scientific community. Moreover, his Minister of Health, Dr. Manto Tshabalala-Msimang, arrived at a prestigious 2006 international AIDS conference in Toronto promoting lemon and garlic as an AIDS remedy. These stories would be humorous if the government's slow response to the AIDS crisis had not led to so many deaths. Among those at risk were the unborn babies of HIV-infected pregnant women. Fortunately, the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC), an AIDS advocacy organization, successfully brought suit claiming that the government must distribute the drug, nevirapine, to these women to block transmission of the virus. TAC relied on the South African Constitution's right to health care. By contrast, the U.S. Supreme Court has rejected arguments favoring socioeconomic rights though it has read others into the U.S. Constitution, including a right to privacy, marriage, and abortion. The Supreme Court has questioned the feasibility of judicial enforcement of positive obligations and raised separation of powers concerns. The South African Constitutional Court's approach is generally consistent with the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), as well as the approaches taken by a few nations like India. The ICESCR requires governments to affirmatively provide socioeconomic necessities on the theory that liberty presumes subsistence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.090 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".