Developing Fungal Bands for Control of Asian Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, in the U. S.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An invasive long-burned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, was first reported in the northeastern and Midwestern United States and eastern Canada between 1996 and 2004 and has been given the common name Asian longhorned beetle (ALB). This beetle has also been found in several countries in Europe. ALB is difficult to control because larvae are found within the wood of living trees and the long-lived adults often occur high in tree canopies. This species is native to China and Korea and, because it has been a major tree killer in China, government agencies in the U. S. and Canada are working to eradicate ALB from North America. Our laboratory has been developing a microbial control approach targeting ALB adults, based on the Japanese product Biolisa Kamikiri which is used to control cerambycids in orchards. Entomopathogenic fungi are grown within non-woven fiber bands (=fungal bands) and placed around tree trunks and branches where ALB adults become inoculated when walking across bands. We have conducted bioassays with Beauveria brongniartii, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against ALB larvae and adults to identify effective isolates and now focus our efforts on M. anisopliae F52 (ARSEF 7711). Caged field trials conducted in China to compare fungal sprays with fungal bands (2000, 2001) demonstrated decreased ALB longevity and fitness for both application methods but longer activity of fungi in cages treated with fungal bands compared with sprays. Uncaged field trials (2001, 2002) yielded faster ALB adult mortality in fungal-treated plots and decreased fitness. Studies in New York City testing the longevity of activity of fungal bands in the field have documented that bands retain＞1×10^7 conidia•cm^(-2) (the threshold for activity of Biolisa Kamikiri) for over 3 months. In contrast, studies with unformulated conidia sprayed onto tree trunks in New York documented conidial survival of only a few days. Sublethal effects of exposure of adult female ALB to fungal bands have been investigated further in the laboratory. After either newly eclosed or reproductively active females are exposed to fungal bands, few viable larvae are produced before death of the females. When females are exposed to fungal bands and then caged with males, males become infected.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".