ULTRASTRUCTURAL BASIS OF ASYNCHRONOUS URIDINE 5′‐TRIPHOSPHATE (UTP)‐INDUCED CA(2+) WAVES IN RAT BASILAR ARTERY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A common form of Ca2+ signaling in smooth muscle cells is Ca2+ oscillations. We observed that uridine 5′‐triphosphate (UTP) elicits cyclic, dose‐dependent increases in intracellular Ca2+ which underlie tonic force generation in rat basilar artery, similar to those observed in conduit arteries. We also observed subplasmalemmal junctions between the plasma membrane (PM) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), known as PM‐SR junctions. Pharmacological dissociation of these junctions abolishes maintenance of Ca2+ waves, but does not affect Ca2+ release. The maintenance of Ca2+ waves is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ entry, which is mediated by L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channels (L‐VGCCs), non‐selective cation channels (NSCCs), and by the plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) working in reverse‐mode. Blockade of inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), but not ryanodine receptors, abolishes ongoing Ca2+ waves. These findings suggest that Ca2+ waves in rat basilar artery underlie tonic force generation and are due to repetitive cycles of Ca2+ release from the IP3Rs, and that extracellular Ca2+ influx through L‐VGCCs, NSCCs, and reverse‐mode NCX is important for their maintenance by supplying Ca2+ for SR refilling. Finally, despite its similarity to resistance vessels, the basilar artery behaves like a conduit artery with respect to the mechanism of Ca2+ waves. This work was funded by CIHR of Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".