Bibliographic record
Abstract
The accumulation and loss of cadmium (Cd) by the Baltic blue mussel Mytilus trossulus in the presence of marine humic substances (HS) was investigated under laboratory conditions. The organisms were exposed to Baltic Sea water (salinity 7.0 PSU, pH 7.9) containing cadmium (50 μg Cd dm) or radiocadmium (9 kBq Cd dm) and humic substances (0.0–7.2 mg HS dm). Experiments were carried out in seawater at two different constant temperatures (6◦C± 1◦C or 15◦C± 1◦C). The exposure time ranged from 8 to 21 days. It was found that marine humic substances stimulate cadmium accumulation by the mussels; however, the effect was strongly modified by temperature. At 6◦C cadmium was preferably accumulated in the gills while at 15◦C the metal was stored mainly in the hepatopancreas. Two pools of cadmium accumulated by Mytilus trossulus were detected. Cadmium adsorbed to the shell was desorbed quickly and efficiently after the mussels, previously grown in seawater containing an elevated metal concentration (8 days, 50 μg Cd dm or 9 kBq Cd dm), had been * This work was a part of statutory research, subject 3.1., carried out at the Institute of Oceanology PAS in Sopot. Financial support was also received from the Committee for Scientific Research, grant No. 705/P04/95/09. 148 J. Kozuch, I. Wilkowska, J. Pempkowiak transferred to natural seawater (60 days, 0.03 μg Cd dm, 0 kBq Cd dm). The other pool of cadmium, accumulated in the soft tissue of the mussels, remained intact after depuration experiments lasting several weeks. Humic substances had no effect on the depuration of cadmium from either pool.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.989 | 0.992 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".