Experimental, Numerical and Analytical Investigation of Thermal Resistance in High Brightness LED Arrays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thermal performance of a commercial LED array module has been studied by experimental, numerical and analytical approaches to find the dominant thermal resistance in the thermal circuit. The light quality, lifetime and reliability of the LED modules depend strongly on the junction temperature which can be obtained and modified by a suitable thermal resistance model. Analytical models for the first level packaging (Die) and second level packaging (PCB and heat sink) have been developed with special attention to the thermal spreading resistance. Numerical modeling has been performed using commercial finite element software (COMSOL) and the results are in good agreement with the analytical models. An LED array module has also been studied experimentally by measuring the temperature field in the PCB and heat sink using thermocouples and infrared thermography. The results of the experimental part are used to validate the numerical and analytical models. It is shown that more than 50% of the total thermal resistance is caused by the heat sink while the PCB and LED package each share 25% of the total thermal resistance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".