On-Slope Helicopter Evacuations of Seriously Injured Alpine Skiers and Snowboarders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Canada, the use of helicopters to extricate injured skiers directly from a ski area is an exception rather than a rule. For the vast majority of injured alpine skiers and snowboarders, the traditional ski patrol toboggan is the preferred method of transporting the victim off the slopes. This investigation will review 43 helicopter medical evacuations (medivacs) from one major Canadian ski area in British Columbia. This ski area had an annual incidence rate of injury of 2.74 per 1000 skier visits (SV) during the 1997–98 ski season (366 mean days between injury, MDBI). The incidence rate of medivacs was 0.041 per 1000 SV (24 279 MDBI). The mean age of the medivac patient was 28.9 years, the age range was 51 years (10 to 61), and 79% of the patients were male. Medivacs at this ski area are dependent on helicopter availability, weather, and a rapid risk analysis performed on the ski field involving the attending ski patrollers and on-duty mountain physician. This paper will also explore training issues and other uses of a helicopter in a major ski center.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".