IFN‐α production by cord blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells is totally deficient.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: The interaction between natural killer cells (NK) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) has been suggested to play a role during the early phase of the immune response to viral infections and tumors. NK cells can lyse tumor and virus‐infected cells and their cytolytic activity has long been known to be enhanced by interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α). Human pDC are a major source of IFN‐α following viral stimulation or upon exposure to TLR‐7 or TLR‐9 ligands. Objective: In order to study the cross‐talk between NK and pDC in human newborns, the effect of IFN‐α on NK cells was compared between cord and adult blood, and the response of pDC to CpG or HSV‐1 was studied. Results: We have recently reported that neonatal NK cells are mature and express a reduced cytolytic activity. In this study, we show that IFN‐α‐stimulated‐NK cells display an activated phenotype and a cytolytic activity similar to adult NK cells. Moreover, the production of IFN‐α in response to CpG or HSV‐1 is dramatically impaired in cord blood. Cord blood pDC present a decreased expression of TLR9 and IRF7 which may explain the deficient production of IFN‐α. This lower expression of IRF7 and IFN‐α production can be partially restored by pre‐treatment of IFN‐β. However, although all cord blood show a deficiency in IFN‐α production, most of cord blood samples (2/3) exhibit a normal maturation of pDC in response to CpG, as shown by the up‐regulation of CD80, CD83, CD40, HLA‐DR and CD54. Conclusions: The defect in IFN‐α production by cord blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells can be explained by the low level of IRF7 and TLR9 expression. This defect can be partially restored by increasing IRF7 expression by pre‐treatment of IFN‐β. These findings might explain the increased susceptibility of human newborns to infections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".