Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the switch to Performance Graded Asphalt Cements (PGAC) from the traditional penetration and viscosity grading in Ontario, the use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) has decreased dramatically. Currently, hot mix contractors tend to use only 20 percent RAP or less in their mixes. This is due to the directive from the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) that allows contractors to use up to 20 percent RAP in their mixes without the need to change the grade of virgin asphalt cement. The MTO would like to increase the percentage of RAP in all parts of the Province, however very little research has been completed to guide the selection of PGAC for use with recycled mixes. The objective of this laboratory study was to determine how the various grades of PGAC react when combined with different percentages of RAP with respect to the final performance grade of the blend. Two RAP sources and ten virgin PGAC binders were investigated. The virgin binders were blended with the recovered RAP binders in various percentages and tested according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) M320 specification. Based on the results obtained, various conclusions and recommendations are presented.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".