Oltre il principio di proporzione: Considerazioni sui criteri finalistici della pena a margine del caso Nasogaluak (Suprema Corte Canadese 2010 SCC 6)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
EnglishThe judgment passed by the Canadian Supreme Court in the Nasogaluak case is a strategic starting point for a comparative analysis of the Latest trends in the Canadian sanctioning system. According to the recent Canadian case-law, the step in which the proportionality of a penalty is established should also be an opportunity to convey a social and cultural message, aimed at promoting a peaceful society. The innovation brought by such case-law is the creation of a mitigating circumstance to be applied to the offender (which is accordingly granted with a reduction of the penalty) when his/her fundamental rights are violated by the State misconduct. The Canadian system therefore overturns the traditional crime/ sanction dychotomy - where the penalty is proportionate to the offense or to the re-socialization needs of the offender - allowing to evaluate extraneous factors, such as the behavior of the State (other than the objective and subjective parameters of the crime), if the fundamental rights of the offender are violated (as in a case of excessive force used by the police during an arrest). What is especially interesting for European jurists are the reasons why this choice is consistent with the founding principles of the Canadian criminal sanctioning system. italianoLa sentenza della Suprema Corte Canadese nel caso Nasogaluak offre lo spunto per riflettere, in chiave comparatistica, sulle recenti tendenze del sistema sanzionatorio canadese, orientato sempre piu verso un orizzonte di giustizia che vede il momento commisurativo della pena come occasione per veicolare un messaggio culturale e sociale, finalizzato alla promozione di una societa pacifica. Il fulcro della pronuncia risiede nella creazione giurisprudenziale di una circostanza attenuante che traduce in termini di sconto di pena la violazione di un diritto fondamentale dell'autore di un reato per mano dello Stato. Per tale via, il sistema canadese scardina il binomio reato - pena come inteso dalla logica penale classica - dove la pena e proporzionata alla gravita dell'illecito o ai bisogni di risocializzazione del reo - inserendo, nella commisurazione della pena, anche un fattore estraneo ai parametri oggettivi e soggettivi del reato, ovvero la condotta dello Stato che violi in qualche modo un diritto fondamentale del reo (come l'eccessiva violenza della forza pubblica nella fase di arresto o fermo). Di particolare interesse per il giurista europeo sono le ragioni per le quali tale scelta e coerente con i principi ispiratori del sistema sanzionatorio canadese.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".