Increased risk of complete congenital heart block in infants born to women with hypothyroidism and anti-Ro and/or anti-La antibodies.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the presence of hypothyroidism is associated with an increased incidence of neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) in infants of mothers with anti-Ro autoantibodies. METHODS: The cohort consisted of 87 women with anti-Ro antibodies who delivered 102 infants. All infants had a full history and physical examination within 12 weeks of birth, electrocardiogram (echocardiogram when clinically indicated), complete blood cell count with differential, liver function tests, and autoantibody profile. Nine women had hypothyroidism and 78 had normal thyroid function. RESULTS: At least one manifestation of NLE was seen in 7/9 (78%) infants born to mothers with hypothyroidism and 45/78 (58%) infants born to mothers with normal thyroid function. Complete congenital heart block (CCHB) was seen in 5/9 (55%) in the hypothyroid group and 10/78 (13%) of the normal thyroid function group (p < 0.005). Mothers with hypothyroidism had a 9-fold increased risk over women with normal thyroid function of having a child with CCHB (odds ratio 8.63). Twenty-seven (31%) of the women were healthy: 4/9 of the hypothyroid and 23/78 of the normal thyroid function group. Of the 23 infants born to healthy mothers with normal thyroid function, 15/23 (65%) had NLE and 8/23 (35%) of these had CCHB. CONCLUSION: Women with hypothyroidism and anti-Ro antibodies were at increased risk for delivering a child with CCHB compared to women with antibodies alone, irrespective of maternal health. This study indicates that women with hypothyroidism should be tested for anti-Ro antibodies, as they may be at risk to deliver a child with CCHB.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".