Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fallow has been defined as a farming practice wherein no crop is grown and all plant growth is controlled by cultivation or chemicals during a season when a crop might normally be grown. (Haas et al., 1974). Fallow as a practice, associated with crop rotation, had its origins in Mediterranean agriculture (Karlen et al., 1994) and continues to be used throughout the semiarid and arid regions of West Asia and North Africa (Ryan et al., 2008). Additionally, summer fallow has been practiced widely across the 15 western states of the United States and the farmed areas of the prairie provinces of Canada in response to widely varying precipitation from year to year. For example, precipitation in any given year for a specific site in the central Great Plains region of the United States may range from double to less than half of the long-term average (Greb et al., 1974). The primary reason for summer fallow is to stabilize crop production by forfeiting production in one season in anticipation that there will be at least partial compensation by increased crop production the next season. Summer fallow was almost universally adopted in the semiarid U.S. Great Plains in response to the 1930s dust bowl, higher wartime prices, and much improved tractor power systems and implements needed to control weeds during fallow (Greb, 1979). Other objectives of fallowing are to maximize soil water storage through improved water intake, snow trapping, and decreased evaporation; maximize plant nutrient availability; minimize soil erosion hazards; and minimize energy and economic inputs (Greb, 1979). Soil texture determines water holding capacity, thereby influencing how well fallow can buffer the influence of variable growing season precipitation on crop yield.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".