Bibliographic record
Abstract
Innovation and creative capacity are essential determinants of economic prosperity in a globalizing, knowledge-based economy. The interactive and social nature of the innovation process makes city-regions the appropriate scale at which social learning processes unfold. Growing recognition of this fact has led a growing number of urban regions to take control of their own economic future through efforts aimed at the 'strategic management' of their own economies. Drawing on recent initiatives in several Ontario cities, which build on local civic engagement, this paper suggests that this new approach to economic development provides an important illustration of how social innovation at the urban scale can help chart new economic trajectories. > Dans le contexte globalisant de l'economie du savoir, la capacite d'innovation et de creativite apparait comme un element determinant de la performance economique. La nature, a la fois interactive et sociale, de l'innovation conjuguee a l'echelle de la ville-region permet la mise en place de processus d'apprentissage social interessants. De plus en plus reconnu, ce phenomene a amene plusieurs regions urbaines a prendre en mains leur developpement economique par des actions visant dorenavant une > de leur propre economie. A partir d'initiatives recentes observees dans quelques villes ontariennes, lesquelles ont mise sur l'engagement local des citoyens, cet article propose que cette nouvelle approche du developpement economique offre une illustration eloquente du lien qui existe entre l'innovation sociale a l'echelle de la ville-region et la performance economique. Introduction Innovation and creative capacity are essential determinants of economic prosperity in a globalizing, knowledge-based economy. Although the process of globalization has led to numerous predictions of the 'death of distance', growing evidence suggests that the contemporary global economy make cities more--not less--important as sites of production, distribution and innovation (Morgan 2004). Over the past decade, recognition has grown that even the most global of economic activities remain fundamentally rooted in city-regions as critical sites for organizing economic activity (Gertler 2001). More significantly, the social dynamics of city-regions are crucial in shaping economic outcomes. The interactive and social nature of the innovation process makes city-regions the appropriate scale at which social learning processes unfold. Knowledge transfer between highly skilled people happens more easily in cities. In a country with diverse and strongly differentiated regional economies, relationships between economic actors, organizations, and institutions at the local and regional scale are crucial factors affecting national prosperity. And leading urban regions are no longer prepared to be passive objects at the hands of globalizing forces associated with the spread of ICTs, but are taking control of their own economic future through efforts aimed at the 'strategic management' of their own economies (Audretsch 2002). From this perspective, many of the key foundations of economic success in a globalizing, knowledge--based economy are the social qualifies and properties of urban places. The Spatial Dimension of the Innovation Process A defining feature of the innovation process is its social and interactive nature which accentuates the significance of the urban region because spatial proximity between economic actors, and the common socio--institutional context they share, enables the easy circulation of knowledge that underpins innovation (Maskell and Malmberg 1999). Given the interactive and social nature of innovation, city-regions provide a critical space in which social learning processes can unfold. The development of local 'untraded interdependencies' that shape the innovative capabilities of firms are strengthened by the presence of key infrastructures for knowledge generation and circulation that underpin innovation and creativity in city-regions, such as: specialized educational institutions and research facilities, unique support services for industry, and institutions that build and strengthen network relationships amongst firms and other key actors to facilitate the circulation of knowledge (Scott 2004). …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".