The influence of Muhammad 'Abduh on Harun Nasution's theological discourse
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This essay attempts to describe the influence of a prominent Muslim Egyptian scholar in the early nineteenth century, who initiated a reform movement in a scholar from the Indo-Malay world. Muhammad 'Abduh (1265-1323 A.H./1849-1905 C.E.) was regarded as the founder of Islamic modernism, an intellectual trend in religious thought to make Islam capable of facing the advent of modernization. He had advocated the importance of rationalism in the understanding of religion with the hope to liberate the Muslims' mind from stagnation, so as to enable them to progress in tandem with the process of modernization. Hiirun Nasution (1337-1419 A.H./1919-1998 C.E.), a prominent scholar of lndonesia was greatly influenced by 'Abduh's rational approach in religion. The impact of 'Abduh on Harun Nasution was obvious. The latter's work, Muhammad 'Abduh dan Teologi Rational Mu'tazilah was in fact his Ph.D. thesis at the McGill University completed in 1968 under the title The place of reason in 'Abduh's theology; Its impact on his theological system and views. Harun Nasution had called for the revival of the Mu'tazilah theology as an effective means to propel the ummah to greater heights vis-a-vis to the demands of modernization.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it