Pork Value Chains: A Comparison of Catalonia, Spain and Manitoba, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of pork value chains in Catalonia,\nSpain and Manitoba, Canada. Intensive hog production models were implemented in Catalonia\nin the 1960s as a result of agriculture crises and fostered by feedstuffs factories. The expansion\nof the hog sector in Manitoba is more recent (in the 1990s) and brought about in large part by the opening of the Maple Leaf Meats processing plant in Brandon, Manitoba. This plant is\ncapable of processing 90,000 hogs per week. Both hog production models ‐ the ‘older’ one in\nCatalonia (Spain) and the ‘newer’ in Manitoba‐ have been, until recently, examples of success.\nInventories and production have been increasing substantially and both regions have proven to have great export potential. Recently, however, tensions have been developing with the hog production models of both regions, particularly as they relate to environmental concerns. The\npurpose of the paper is to compare the value chains with respect to their origins (e.g. supply a\ngrowing demand for pork, ensure farm profitability) and present states (e.g. environmental\nconcerns, profitability). Keywords: pork value chain, hog farms, agri‐food studies.\nJEL: Q10, Q13, O57
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".