A pilot study of paternal drug exposure: the Motherisk experience
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background There is a dearth of information on medication safety and counseling experience regarding paternal exposure (PEx) to drugs and chemicals in the peri‐conception period. The Motherisk Program, first established in Toronto, ON, Canada in 1985, is a teratology information and clinical consultation service with a focus on drug safety during pregnancy. Here, we reviewed for the first time our counseling experience with PEx. Methods This is an observational retrospective cohort study using a prospectively collected database. Telephone counseling records from Jan 1, 2002 to Dec 31, 2006, inclusive, were screened manually for PEx. Results Of a total of 157,933 telephone requests for counseling over this 5‐year period, there were 249 (0.16%) requests for counseling on PEx. Most of these calls (177/249) were referred by health professionals. Counseling for exposure to drugs was requested in the majority of cases, with the remainder being exposure to chemicals, radiation, infection, or combinations of the above. The four drugs on which counseling was most frequently sought were methotrexate (33 requests), finasteride (24 requests), azathioprine (20 requests), and prednisone (18 requests). For many drugs, there was a paucity of information on PEx. Conclusion There is an ongoing need for safety data on PEx. Future studies are needed to evaluate the safety of PEx to selected drugs in the peri‐conception period. HSC Research Institute (CYL,GK); equal contribution (CYL,CJ)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".