10.1016/s0967-0653(97)80236-0
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper is based upon work undertaken within contract EPOC-CT9000015, in the Environment Programme (Third Framework), Commission of European Communities, Brussels. Late Holocene (post c.4000 BP) stratigraphies from beach-barrier-lagoon environments are presented from five locations between northwest Spain (Galicia) and western Ireland. These meso - to macrotidal coasts are conditioned by high energy waves and storms. As such the coasts are sensitive potentially to the future impacts of rising sea-level and to climate-led controls on coastal behaviour. Consequently an objective of this study has been to establish the pattern of physical environmental changes recorded here, as a basis for helping assess the possible effects of future alterations in these coastal systems. The stratigraphies studied commonly show the occurrence of interleaved inorganic and organic sediments. The sedimentary sequences together evidence the importance of sand movements, alternating irregularly with periods of vegetation growth and relative environmental stability. Mechanisms of onshore sediment transfer appear to be linked to aeolian action, possibly most associated with storms, and to barrier overwashing. Repeated periods of sand movement are recorded particularly in barrier environments from about the fifteenth century AD onward. The nineteenth century to the present day also shows strong human influences upon coastal changes. Rates of relative sea-level rise on some coasts are placed at ~ 0.5-0.6mm yr -1 post c.2000 BP. Studies indicate that coastal barriers in Galicia appear to have been relatively stable, or even to have prograded, during this period. In Brittany and western Ireland similar systems record persistent retreat and barrier breakdown.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".