Motherhood and Childbirth Experiences among Newcomer Women in Canada: A Critical Ethnographic Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Statement of the Problem: Motherhood and childbirth are very sensitive experiences and have a strong impact on family functioning, social identity, and cohesiveness. Although motherhood and childbirth have been discussed extensively in the scholarly and popular literature, much of this work has been conducted from a North American perspective, with little attention to how motherhood and childbirth are experienced by newcomer women from diverse racial and cultural backgrounds. \nMethodology and Theoretical Orientation: A critical ethnographic study using in-depth interviews with 16 newcomer women was utilized to explore newcomer women’s experiences and understandings of motherhood and childbirth in the aftermath of migration to Canada. A critical feminist perspective was utilized to provide a reasonable explanation of the experience of newcomer women during motherhood and childbirth \nFindings: Although the women in this study expressed different meanings of motherhood and childbirth experiences, most of them agreed that it was happy, unforgettable, and worth their sacrifices. They viewed motherhood as meeting the social and religious expectations from them as women despite their fears of childbirth process in a different environment and the difficulties of raising children in a new country. As well, the women identified some challenges they faced on becoming mothers. The lack of social and emotional support, parent- child conflict, and competing roles and economic distress were adding to women’s hardship. Women also demonstrated strengths and employed a number of strategies to deal with the stress of the changes associated with becoming a mother in Canada. Among the strategies they used were preserving the good mother identity, using hope, patience and acceptance, adopting health promoting practices, using religion as catalyst for coping, and adjusting parenting style. Women expressed mixed opinions and experiences about the care they received from health care system in Canada. Although some of these stories were similar to many women without newcomer status, being in a different health care environment for the first time and dealing with doctors and nurses who speak different language caused women an extra burden.\nAlthough women identified different sources of support, with the absence of extended family support, this was not sufficient to meet their needs. Migration circumstances also influenced women’s perspectives about the changes that occurred in their marital relationships. While most women described how their marital relationship became more intimate and close, some women reported the occurrence of conflict and stress inside their families.\nConclusion and Significance: Findings from this study provide insight to inform nursing practice, education, research, and policy making with regards to newcomer women’s experiences during the process of childbirth, and as new mothers in a new land. This study provides information that enhances the ability of nurses to provide safe care.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.028 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".