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Record W110761783 · doi:10.1001/jama.290.22.2921

Northern ℞posure

2003· article· en· W110761783 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueJAMA · 2003
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicHealthcare Systems and Practices
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicineInternal medicineEndocrinology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ANN ARBOR, MICH—Mounting concerns that US consumers’ appetite for low-cost prescription medications from Canadian Internet pharmacies will erode their northern neighbors’ public health could extinguish such cross-border distribution schemes, say some experts from north of the border. Recently, Canadians have faced reports of medication shortages and notices of price increases, despite their country’s system of price controls on patented medications. Experts say the monetary lure of Internet pharmacies entices pharmacists to trade face-toface patient contact for a desk and a fax machine. Some even speculate that the growing cross-border trade could lead to the dismantling of Canada’s pricesetting regulatory agency. During a mid-November meeting in Ottawa, Ontario, US and Canadian health officials agreed to share information on prescription drugs and collaborate on safety measures, even though US Food and Drug Adminstration Commissioner Mark McClellan, MD, PhD, had sought a stronger stance from Canada to restrict Internet medication exports to the United States. But just a few weeks earlier, during a conference here on pharmaceutical reimportation, experts from north of the border said that Canada eventually may step in to halt the practice. “Ultimately, I think . . . you are going to see legislative initiatives coming out of Canada that will close the doors to this kind of practice, if not at the provincial level, then certainly at the national level,” said Chris Ward, a former Ontario legislator who now heads Ward Health Strategies Inc, a health care consulting firm with offices in Ontario and New Jersey. “To date, [government policy] has been rather reserved, and now there’s definitely a change in climate in Canada,” added Jillian Clare Cohen, PhD, assistant professor in the Leslie

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.894
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.004

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.113
GPT teacher head0.473
Teacher spread0.360 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it