Osteoclasts: characteristics and regulation of formation and activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bone tissue adapts itself continuously to changing demands during development and growth (modeling) and in response to stress or damage (remodeling). The modeling and remodeling processes involve degradation of bone tissue by large multinucleated cells, called osteoclasts, and synthesis and deposition of new bone by mononuclear cuboidal cells lining bone, called osteoblasts. A close anatomical and functional relationship exists between resorptive and formative cells at discrete remodeling sites called ‘basic multicellular units of bone remodeling’ or BMU (Frost, 1966). This is, in all likelihood, responsible for the phenomenon in which treatments of metabolic bone disease developed to inhibit resorption often result in simultaneous inhibition of formation. The mechanism(s) whereby the actions of the resorbing osteoclasts and the bone forming osteoblasts are co-ordinated are not yet clear. Nevertheless, striking progress has been made in our understanding of osteoblast—osteoclast interaction with regard to regulating osteoclast formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".