Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate cyclooxygenase‐2 induction via interactions with GPR120
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2)‐derived prostaglandins are implicated in numerous inflammatory disorders. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are recognized as anti‐inflammatory agents. Here, we explore the potential interaction between COX‐2 induction and ω3 PUFAs via the G‐protein‐coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). Pre‐exposure to DHA for 24 h reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production primarily through COX‐2 inhibition and partially through down‐regulating microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) expression, but not through affecting COX‐1 expression. DHA could also inhibit activation of a human COX‐2 promoter‐luciferase reporter construct containing NF‐κB response elements. We also demonstrated that COX‐2 induction is attenuated in macrophages obtained from Fat‐1 mice where ω3 PUFAs are synthesized endogenously from ω6 PUFAs. In a FeCl3 femoral artery injury mouse model, post‐injury blood flow in Fat‐1 mice was higher relative to their wild type littermates. Knockdown of GPR120 abrogates DHA effects on COX‐2 induction, PGE2 production and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) gene expression, through ERK, Akt, and JNK signaling pathways. These studies provide a new mechanistic basis for the anti‐inflammatory effects of PUFAs via interactions with GPR120. Supported by a joint grant from the CIHR and NSFC (CCI 117951).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".