A survey of hearing loss in the special education classrooms of Vancouver School District 37
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order for the mentally retarded population to achieve maximum benefit from rehabilitation efforts, it is essential that a complete picture of their abilities and disabilities be obtained. Consequently, the identification of hearing loss is an integral element in any diagnostic procedure. Vancouver School District 37 has directed increased attention toward speech and language training for children in the special education classrooms for the mentally retarded; however, differential hearing diagnosis has been inadequate or totally lacking. In order to more efficiently treat this problem, it was felt that a comprehensive investigation into the incidence and types of hearing loss of this population would provide a basis for program design. To adequately survey the previous investigations in the literature it was advantageous to divide them into categories according to likeness of criteria used in defining "hearing loss." In this survey, a heterogeneous sample of 212 retarded subjects ranging in age from 6 years, 8 months to 19 years, 9 months was audiometrically tested at four frequencies: 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, and 4000 Hz. The retarded subjects encompassed MI levels I through IV on the c1assification system developed by the American Association on Mental Deficiency. Tests were administered at eight locations within the Vancouver School District 37 which offered adequate test environments. The criterion for hearing loss in this survey was a loss of 20 dB or more in two or more frequencies in either ear. The audiometric procedure used in both air and bone-conduction testing was the revised technique of Newhart and Reger (1945, revised 1956). Operant procedures were designed after Stewart (1970). Two examiners were used, and ten test scores of each correlated at approximately .93 using the Pearson Product- Moment Correlation. Thirty-eight of the 212 subjects had hearing losses of 20 dB or more in two or more frequencies in either ear. This number established an incidence of 17. 9 per cent for this population. The present data indicate, in general, that the incidence of hearing loss is greater among the more severely retarded than among the less retarded. The audiometric data depict a general trend toward a decrease in hearing loss incidence with increasing .age. Of those with hearing loss, slightly more males (53 per cent) than females (47 per cent) were represented. The pattern established by the current survey revealed a concentration of conductive losses at lower age levels and a concentration of sensori-neural losses
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".