Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter illustrates how specific pathogenic bacteria participate in a sophisticated cross talk with their host by highlighting recent advances in the understanding of the structure and function of the first identified host receptor of bacterial origin—the translocated intimin receptor (Tir) from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and its cognate adhesin intimin. EPEC, an extracellular bacterial pathogen which infects humans by colonizing the intestinal mucosa, is a major cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries and continues to be a major health threat worldwide. The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)5/Tir operon contains three important genes directly involved in the intimate attachment of bacteria to host: eae, which encodes the outer membrane adhesion molecule known as intimin; tir, which encodes the translocated intimin receptor (Tir); and cesT, which encodes the type III chaperone of Tir. Recent structural and biochemical studies have provided further insights into the molecular details of the Tir-intimin interaction with respect to intimate attachment; and this chapter reviews some of these aspects. Since the discovery of EPEC Tir, bacterially derived receptors have been identified only in the attaching and effacing (A/E) family of pathogens, and all of them are Tir orthologues. It is still puzzling why similar types of receptors have not been identified in other bacterial pathogens. The chapter speculates that a number of reasons contribute to the difficulty in identifying other receptors of bacterial origin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".