Economic and Social Rights Across Time, Regions, and Legal Traditions: A Preliminary Analysis of the TIESR Dataset
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nearly all written constitutions in the developing world contain one or more economic and social rights. However, some rights are more commonly enshrined than others, and there is wide variation in terms of whether such rights are identified as justiciable – enforceable in a court of law – or merely aspirational. The most interesting variations occur along three dimensions: time, region, and legal tradition. Most constitutions are new, and the contemporary constitutional model affords greater standing to economic and social rights than the previous post-War model. There are significant regional differences in the relative prevalence of such rights, and some regions exhibit a clear regional norm with respect to economic and social rights. Finally, the constitutions of common law countries are significantly less likely to include economic and social rights, and to identify them as justiciable, than those of civil law countries. This article reports some of the initial findings of a new dataset measuring the constitutional entrenchment of economic and social rights. Keywords Economic Rights Social Rights Constitutions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".