Étude d'une communauté solaire avec stockage thermique saisonnier par puits géothermiques
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RESUME Les performances energetiques d’une communaute solaire situee a Calgary (Canada) et comprenant un reseau de chauffage urbain a un seul tuyau alimentant 52 maisons sont evaluees. Contrairement a un reseau classique a deux tuyaux, un reseau a un seul tuyau implique que l’alimentation et le retour se font dans le meme tuyau. Ainsi, la temperature diminue le long du reseau. La communaute comprend un stockage saisonnier de chaleur (BTES) constitue de 144 puits a double tube en U a deux circuits independants. Le premier circuit se consacre a la recharge solaire, tandis que le second assure la decharge et est relie au reseau urbain. La communaute est modelisee dans l’environnement de simulation TRNSYS. La communaute solaire Drake Landing (DLSC) situee a proximite de Calgary et dont la construction s’est achevee en 2007 joue le role de reference dans cette etude. Une comparaison des performances energetiques de la communaute proposee (appelee CS1T) avec celles de DLSC montre que la fraction solaire, i.e. la part de l’energie solaire dans l’energie totale fournie aux maisons, de DLSC est toujours superieure a celle de CS1T. L’ecart est tres marque la premiere annee avec une fraction solaire de seulement 26 % pour CS1T contre 66 % pour DLSC. Apres 5 ans d’operation, la fraction solaire de CS1T est de 85 % contre 89 % pour DLSC. Le reseau urbain a un seul tuyau a permis de reduire la longueur de distribution primaire. Les pertes de chaleur du reseau sont ainsi moins elevees qu'a DLSC (178 GJ a l’annee 5 contre 250 GJ pour DLSC). Le niveau de temperature dans le reseau urbain de CS1T a du etre rehausse a cause de la chute de temperature le long du reseau. L’absence de stockage a court terme par reservoirs d’eau entraine une faible fraction solaire la premiere annee pour CS1T. En effet, le niveau de temperature du BTES n’est pas suffisamment eleve pour fournir de l’energie au reseau urbain. La mise en place de puits geothermiques a double tube en U pour CS1T a permis d’obtenir une meilleure efficacite du BTES : elle varie de 13 % a 62 % les cinq premieres annees contre une variation de 9 % a 41 % pour DLSC. Finalement, une analyse des couts montre qu’une economie d'environ 1 M$ pourrait etre realisee en adoptant la configuration CS1T plutot que la configuration DLSC, pour un cout total du projet DLSC estime a 3.4 M$.----------ABSTRACT The energy performance of a solar community located in Calgary (Canada) which uses a one pipe district heating loop to supply 52 houses is evaluated. Compared to a classic double pipe heating loop, a one pipe system implies that the supply and return are done from the same pipe. Therefore, temperature drops along the pipe. The community uses a seasonal borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) made of 144 double U-tube boreholes with two independent loops. The first is the solar loop for charging the BTES and the second extracts heat to supply the district loop. The community is modeled in the TRNSYS simulation environment. The Drake Landing Solar Community (DLSC) located near Calgary (Canada), whose construction was completed in 2007 is used as the reference case. An energy performance comparison between the proposed community (named CS1T) and the DLSC shows that the solar fraction of the DLSC, which is the ratio of the supplied solar energy to the total energy requirement of the houses, is always greater than the solar fraction of the CS1T. The difference is relatively large during the first year of operation with a solar fraction of only 26 % for the CS1T, compared to 66 % for the DLSC. After 5 years of operation, the solar fraction of the CS1T increases to 85 % compared to 89 % for the DLSC. The one pipe system reduces the heat losses thanks to the reduction of the distribution loop's length; during the 5th year of operation, theses losses amount to 178 GJ and 250 GJ for the CS1T and DLSC, respectively. Also, the temperature level in the district loop of CS1T needed to be increased because of the temperature drop along the one pipe loop. The lack of a short term water tank thermal storage leads to a small solar fraction during the first year of the CS1T because the temperature level in the BTES is not high enough to provide heat to the district loop. The use of double U-tube boreholes for the CS1T increases the efficiency of the BTES to a range between 13 % and 62 % during the first 5 years of operation, compared to a range between 9 % and 41 % for DLSC. Finally, a cost analysis shows that 1 M$ could be saved by selecting the CS1T configuration over the DLSC for a total estimated project cost of 3.4 M$.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".