New Host and Geographic Distribution Record for Chordodes morgani(Nematomorpha: Gordiida), from Oklahoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Juvenile horsehair (gordiid) worms (Nematomorpha) are parasites of terrestrial arthropods (often crickets and beetles) and, as adults, are free–living in freshwater sites including lakes, streams, and rivers. Until recently, however (see Hanelt et al. 2005), compared to other animal phyla, gordiids have received relatively little attention. We report herein a new host and state record for Chordodes morgani. On 2 April 2012, a single Oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis Linnaeus, 1758 was collected in the science wing on the campus of Eastern Oklahoma State College–Idabel, McCurtain County, Oklahoma (33.921413°N, 94.777738°W). It was subsequently found to be infected with an unknown gordiid worm. Specimens were placed in a vial containing 70% ethanol and shipped to the junior author (BH) for identification. The parasite was deposited in the University of New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology (MSB), Parasite Division, Albuquerque, New Mexico (MSB:PARA:1394), and the host in the MSB Division of Arthropods. The gordiid worm was identified as Chordodes morgani Montgomery, 1898, using existing descriptions and a key (Schmidt– Rhaesa et al. 2003). The worm has a subterminal cloaca (therefore a male), and the anterior end is tapered. The body is light brown with dark brown patches, referred to as “leopard pattern” (Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. 2003). Cuticle consists of three types of areoles: crowned, knob-like, and finger. Chordodes morgani has previously been reported from 16 states, including Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin, but none of the Canadian Provinces (Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. 2003; Robison et al. 2012). This brings to three species (C. morgani, Gordius robustus, and Paragordius varius), the number of gordiid worms known from Oklahoma (McAllister et al. 2013). In addition, not only does this finding document a new state record for C. morgani, but is also noteworthy, since to our knowledge, the only hosts known so far for this species are Hadenoecus subterraneus (cave cricket), Ceuthophilus stygius (camel cricket) from Kentucky (Studier et al. 1991), Periplaneta fuliginosa (smoky brown cockroach) from South Carolina (Schmidt– Rhaesa et al. 2003), and Parcoblatta sp. (wood cockroach) from Missouri and South Carolina (Schmidt–Rhaesa et al. 2003).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".