Bibliographic record
Abstract
Autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified and Asperger syndrome belong to a group of disorders called autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). In the past 25 years, an increase in the prevalence of ASDs has been observed in the USA, Europe, Japan, and Canada. According to data from more than a dozen epidemiological studies conducted in the last two decades, ASD is diagnosed in 60-70 children/10 000. In popular press and the media, this phenomenon is often described as an “autism epidemic”, which may suggest that there has been a real increase in the incidence of autism, not just in the prevalence of the disorder. However, the latest publications clearly indicate that there are other variables (e.g., change in the diagnostic criteria, availability of services, awareness of the disorder) responsible for the rise of ASDs. In this article the following issues will be examined: 1) range of prevalence estimates for autism and related disorders, 2) hypothesis of a secular increase in rates of autism, and 3) major sources of misunderstanding related to the increased number of diagnosed cases of autism.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".