The discovery of two medieval mikva 9ot in London and a reinterpretation of the Bristol 'mikvehJ
Bibliographic record
Abstract
London's medieval Jewry was a late-eleventh-century offshoot from that of Rouen. In culture and economy the two Jewries remained closely linked until the loss of Normandy in 1204. Josce the Rabbi and his sons Isaac and Abra? ham, who led the community for much of the century, built the magna scola, the principal synagogue, behind the family home at the northeast end of Old Jewry. Here, in the Jewish court, in close proximity to the scola, one would expect to find the mikveh, with other communal facilities such as butchery, baths, ovens and hospitium nearby, the last referred to in a starr of 1266. By the late twelfth century the magnates Isaac of Lincoln and Jurnet of Norwich had mansions on Lothbury, giving direct access to this court.1 The site of the Jewry is first referred to in a St Paul's survey c. 1127, in which lands are described as in vicus judeorum. As with the oldest term used at Rouen, this is a reference to the Jewish quarter or district. Reference to St Olave's shows these to have been on the west of Colechurch Lane, known since 1290 as Old Jewry. The term vicus may well be used in a legal as well as this topographic context. As the customs of the Jewry stated that 'the Jews and all they have are the king's', it lay beyond city jurisdiction of ward courts and Court of Hustings. Against Jews, citizens had to seek justice at a royal court; in the city, that of the constable of the Tower or the Justices of the Jews. Cases between Jews were left to their own jurisdiction. Only from 1194, when the great series of public records begins, can one pin down with preci? sion the parishes and streets which constituted the Jewry. Prior to that there are only the Pipe Rolls of 1130-1 and 1155-6, the chroniclers and other
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".