Comparison of Ice Versus Treadmill Skating — Plantar Force Distribution Patterns
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dynamic plantar foot force measurements were compared between skating on ice (ICE) versus on a skating treadmill (TM). Four subjects skated at three forward speeds of 22, 24, 26 kph (or 6.1, 6.7, 7.2 m/s, respectively). Plantar force measures were obtained by using FScan™ sensors taped to the insole of a subject's right skate. In general, results indicate that the whole foot force-time patterns were similar between ICE and TM for equivalent speeds except for consistent differences during heel strike i.e., TM heel loading force values were approximately 30% greater than those observed during ICE skating (P>0.05). As skating speed increased, the latter differences diminished. Thus, with the exception of the heel loading, the skating TM replicates the overall pattern during forward skating, particularly during mid-support and toe-off phases of propulsion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".