Contribution of animal source foods to total iron intake of children in coastal Ghana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The poor micronutrient status of children in developing countries has been attributed partially to a heavy reliance on plant‐based diets. 66 Ghanaian children aged 2 to 5 y were recruited from 2 farming and 2 fishing communities to assess the contribution of animal source foods (ASF) to the total iron intake. Dietary data were collected on 2 d using weighed food records and hemoglobin (Hb) was measured. Daily intakes of iron for children in farming and fishing communities were 10.6 ± 0.7 mg and 11.0 ± 0.9 mg, respectively. ASF contributed more to the iron intake of children from farming communities than those from the fishing communities (13.9 ± 2.1% vs. 8.9 ± 1.3%, p=0.05). Red meats tended to be consumed more by children from farming than fishing communities (21% vs. 6%, p=0.09). The prevalence of low Hb (<11 g/dL) tended to be lower among children in farming communities compared to those in fishing communities (79.4% vs. 93.8%, p=0.09). Children's low Hb status may partly be due to a low consumption of ASF. Interventions to improve ASF intake may be needed in these poor communities. Funded in part by GL‐CRSP through USAID Grant #PCE‐G‐00‐98‐00036‐00
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".