Gendered-Linked Differences in Speech Styles: Analysing Linguistic and Gender in the Malaysian Context/DIFFÉRENCES DE SEXE DANS LE STYLE DE DISCOURS: ANALYSES LINGUISTIQUES ET ANALYSES SUR LE SEXE DANS LE CAS DE MALAISIE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: This study aims to look at the differences in speech styles of Malaysian men and women. The assertion that women and men typically employ different linguistic style is pursued in a wide range of studies. There is significant interest in the sociolinguistic variation associated with the speaker's gender. Over the last few years there has been an explosion of research in this field. Research conducted to date in anthropology and education clearly states that gender-specific patterns of behavior remain relevant factors and important social variables to be analyzed through the most common cultural codes of society, which is its language. Turning to linguistic differences between women and men, there do seem to be linguistic features that are stereotypically associated with men and women, and there is a large measure of agreement about the association of such features with one of the other gender. Gender is the term used to describe socially constructed categories based on sex. Most societies operate in terms of two genders, masculine and feminine, and it is tempting to treat the category of gender as a simple binary opposition. This paper limits itself to describe language use, in particular the different usage of women and men as speakers. Particular attention is given to the usage of five linguistic features; questions, hedges, adjectives, verbosity and politeness. Subsequent discussion of language of women and men will be presented in sociolinguistic terms. Key words: speech styles, linguistic, gender, hedges, sociolinguistics Resume: Cette etude vise a examiner les differences dans les styles de discours des hommes et des femmes malaisiens. L'affirmation que les femmes et les hommes emploient generalement des styles linguistiques differents est poursuivie dans un large eventail d'etudes. Il y a un interet significatif dans la variation sociolinguistique associee au sexe du locuteur. Au cours des dernieres annees, il y a eu une explosion des recherches dans ce domaine. Les recherches menees a ce jour dans l'anthropologie et l'education montre clairement que des modeles specifiques de comportement des sexes restent des facteurs pertinents et des variables sociales importantes a etre analysees a travers les codes culturels les plus courants de la societe, c'est-a-dire la langue. Quant aux differences linguistiques entre les femmes et les hommes, il semble qu'il y a des elements linguistiques stereotypiquement associes aux hommes et aux femmes, et qu'il y a un vaste accord sur l'association de ces caracteristiques avec l'un de l'autre sexe. Le genre est le terme utilise pour decrire les categories socialement construites fondees sur le sexe. La plupart des societes marchent en fonction de deux genres, masculin et feminin, et il est tentant de traiter la categorie des sexes comme une opposition binaire simple. Le present article se limite a decrire l'usage des langues, notamment l'usage different des femmes et des hommes en tant que locuteurs. Une attention particuliere est accordee a l'utilisation de cinq caracteristiques linguistiques, c'est-a-dire les questions, les haies, les adjectifs, la verbosite et la politesse. Les discussions subsequentes de la langue des femmes et des hommes sera presentees en termes sociolinguistiques. Mots-Cles: style de discours, linguistique, sexe, refuge, sociolinguistique 1. INTRODUCTION Sociolinguists have accumulated considerable evidence that females and males tend to develop different patterns of interaction. Turning to linguistic differences between women and men, there do seem to be linguistic features that are stereotypically associated with men and women, and there is a large measure of agreement about the association of such features with one of the other gender, and that children leam to associate more and more of such features with the appropriate gender group over time (Edelsky, 1977). 1.1 Statement of the Problem This study is carried to find out if women's speech is considered as 'powerless language' as claimed by the American linguist, R. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".