Gaelic books as cultural icons: the maintenance of cultural links between the Highlands and the West Indies.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study of émigré Highlanders, their language and their culture, this far, has been largely focused on the thousands of emigrants who settled in North America, particularly Canada, from the later decades of the eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth century, and to a lesser degree on those who emigrated to Australia in the middle decades of the nineteenth century. The emigration of Gaelic-speakers, whether temporary or permanent, to other destinations, such as the West Indies, has however been almost entirely overlooked, in part due to the relative paucity of Gaelic sources relating to them, but also due to the relatively small number of emigrants involved as compared with mass emigrations to the aforementioned countries. This article draws on some of the limited evidence available which is specific to Gaels and the West Indies in the period c.1750–1830, examining both perceptions of the islands in Gaelic literature and the way in which subscribing to Gaelic books published in Scotland offered Gaels in the West Indies a tangible opportunity to retain links with their native culture. It is argued that the Gaelic books enabled this culturally distinct group of emigrants to re-affirm their identity as Gaels while simultaneously making an important financial contribution to Gaelic publishing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".