Alveolar macrophages control the quality of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the respiratory tract upon recombinant adenoviral mucosal vaccination (39.34)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Infectious diseases are acquired through mucosa surfaces making mucosal vaccination important for their control. Previously, using a recombinant adenoviral-based (Ad) vaccine we have demonstrated that a single mucosal but not parenteral immunization confers protection against intracellular bacterial challenge in the lung. Here, we examined the mechanisms regulating induction of OVA-specific CD4 T-cell responses at mucosal and systemic compartments in Balb/C mice after intranasal (i.n.) or intramuscular (i.m.) vaccination with an Ad expressing OVA. We found that i.n. vaccination induced local OVA-specific T cell activation whereas i.m. vaccination induced both local and systemic T-cell activation despite of the dosage used for vaccination. Remarkably, i.n. immunization induced a characteristic proliferative kinetic different from the one induced by i.m. vaccination. Furthermore, i.n. vaccination induced a highly polarized Th1 response while i.m. immunization induced a mixed Th1/Th2 response. Of importance, in vivo depletion of alveolar macrophages led to similar T-cell proliferation kinetics and comparable cytokine production in mice receiving i.n. and i.m. vaccination. Our data suggests that alveolar macrophages provide a special microenvironment at the mucosal site, which control the quantity and quality of CD4 T memory cells and protective immunity against mucosal infectious challenges.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".