Enhanced phosphorylation of FOXO and GSK‐3 by organo‐vanadium complexes: potential role in insulino‐mimesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several organo‐vanadium complexes (OVCs) have been shown to exert multiple insulino‐mimetic effects in rodent models of diabetes. We have shown that Bis(maltolato) OxoVanadium(IV) (BMOV) activates several components of the insulin signaling pathway such as phosphatidyl inositol‐3 kinase (PI3‐K) and protein kinase B (PKB). Forkhead Box Proteins (FOXO) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3 (GSK‐3), downstream substrates of PKB, are thought to contribute to insulin‐induced gene expression of key gluconeogenic enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase). OVCs are known to modulate the expression of PEPCK and G6Pase, hence in the present studies we investigated BMOV‐induced FOXO and GSK‐3 regulation. Treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing human insulin receptor (CHO‐HIR) enhanced FOXO and GSK‐3 phosphorylation. Wortmannin, a PI3‐K inhibitor, decreased FOXO and GSK‐3 phosphorylation induced by both insulin and OVCs, as did AG1024, an inhibitor of IR/IGF‐1R‐PTK activity. In summary, these data demonstrate that OVCs potently enhance the phosphorylation of FOXO and GSK‐3 via IGF‐1R‐PTK/PI3K‐dependent pathways, suggesting that OVCs may contribute towards the insulino‐mimetic effects of BMOV by transcription regulation of gluconeogenic enzymes. (Supported by grants from Canadian Institutes of Health Research).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".