Neuropeptide Y and age‐related development of hypertension in the rat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Essential hypertension is associated with increased sympathetic nerve activity in both animals and humans. We tested the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor activation was involved in the development of hypertension. In vivo infusions of NPY (15μg/kg) and Phenylephrine (PE, 10nmol/kg) to the intact hindlimb of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their genetic control Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats were performed in animals of 3, 5 and 7 weeks of age (n = 2–3 animals per strain per age). Femoral blood flow, blood pressure and heart rate were measured, while hindlimb vascular conductance (C HL ), were calculated as an indicator of vascular responsiveness. Following phenylephrine (PE) infusions, C HL in the 7 week old SHR and WKY animals fell by 58.5% and 49.2% respectively (p<0.05). The response remained depressed in both strains for at least 100s (p<0.05). Compared with baseline, NPY infusion produced a 69% fall in C HL in the SHR that remained depressed for 100s (p<0.05). No effect of NPY was observed in the 7 week WKY and there was minimal response to NPY in either the SHR and WKY animals at 5 or 3 weeks. Neither PE nor NPY affected C HL in the 3‐week old animals of either strain. Thus, while PE elicited similar responses in the SHR and the WKY animals, the sensitivity to exogenous NPY became pronounced with age in the SHR. These data provide the first evidence that the development of hypertension in the SHR involves an upregulation of the NPY system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".