EXOCRINE SECRETION OF THE LEPTIN‐LEPTIN RECEPTOR COMPLEX BY THE GASTRIC MUCOSA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone that plays central roles in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Among several organs secreting leptin, we have established that gastric Chief cells secrete leptin in the gastric juice. We have examined its secretory pathway, its mechanism of resistance in the gastric juice and its roles and destiny along the intestinal track. Rat and human tissues were processed for quantitative high resolution immunocytochemistry and analysis by western blot. Immunogold has demonstrated that gastric Chief cells secrete simultaneously leptin and pepsinogen along their RER‐Golgi‐granules regulated secretory pathway. They also synthesize a soluble form of the leptin receptor after the shedding of membrane‐bound ones by specific convertases. This soluble receptor is secreted bound to leptin and is required for leptin to resist the proteolytic conditions of the gastric juice. Leptin reaches the duodenum in an intact form and interacts with its specific receptors lining the apical membrane of enterocytes, triggering several signalling pathways and physiological processes, including nutrient absorption. Interestingly, leptin is also able to be internalized by the enterocytes and upon transcytosis, to be delivered to the interstitial space reaching the blood stream. In summary, these results revealed an exocrine secretion of leptin by the gastric mucosa and its mechanism of resistance in the gastric juice. Exocrine leptin acts on enterocytes to regulate nutrient absorption. Through transcytosis across the intestinal mucosa, it reaches the blood and may act on other target tissues. (Supported by CIHR).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".