Biological Control of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Canola Using Ulocladium atrum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Field studies were conducted in 2004 and 2005 in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada to determine the efficacy of control of Sclerotinia stem rot of canola caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by the antagonistic fungus Ulocladium atrum. Compared to the untreated control, foliar application of a 10^6 spore/mL suspension of U. atrum at the rate of 300 mL/m^2 onto canola plants at the early flowering stage resulted in reductions in incidence and severity of Sclerotinia stem rot, a reduction in contamination of harvested canola seeds by sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum, and an increase in canola seed yield. The effectiveness of U. atrum was similar to the treatment of the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans, but not as good as foliar application of 750 g/ha of the fungicide Lance (boscalid). Suggestions for further research on enhancing the effectiveness of U. atrum as a biological control agent for Sclerotinia diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum, and assessing its eco-friendliness, are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".