La dynamique sociale du catholicisme québécois au XIXe siècle : éléments pour une réflexion sur les frontières et les conditions historiques de possibilité du « social »
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article studies the many uses and multiple meanings of the term “social” during the nineteenth century. The author argues that liberalism constructed social relations in such a way as to avoid questioning the tensions present in capitalist societies in terms of “social” problems, which were left to civil society and private initiatives. This promotion of the “private” set the stage for the expansion of religious institutions in nineteenth-century Quebec. The cost was the rapid distancing of the Church from the political arena, following the state’s recognition of freedom of religion at mid-century. Henceforth viewed by the state as an association of individuals without any special status, the Church had to reoccupy the “social” in a new way, by reorganizing the local fabric of civil society according to the parameters of the community of faith. Thus, somewhat paradoxically, liberalism and clericalism were the two inseparable forces encouraging the consolidation of a capitalist society in Quebec.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".