Anoxia‐mediated decrease in whole‐cell conductance and identification of putative background K+‐like currents in anoxia‐tolerant turtle liver
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To survive months of anoxia painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta bellii ) suppress ATP utilizing pathways, enabling metabolic demands to be met through anaerobic ATP production. Ion pumping is a major ATP utilizing pathway and a decrease in membrane permeability to ions or ion channel arrest (CA) is thought to reduce ATP demand. Evidence supporting CA in anoxic turtle brain includes a 50% decrease in both major excitatory glutamatergic receptor/channels ‐ AMPA and NMDA. Recently we have shown that a 25% increase in whole‐cell conductance (G w ) occurs and this is due to an increase in GABA‐A receptor currents that clamp resting membrane potential (MP) at a hyperpolarized state preventing action potential generation. In non‐excitable anoxic liver MP is maintained while Na + /K + ATPase activity decreases by 75%, indirectly providing evidence for CA. Using a liver slice model, we investigated anoxia‐mediated CA directly using whole‐cell and single‐channel electrophysiological techniques. We found anoxia induces a 16% depolarization of MP, 25 ± 5 mV to 21 ± 0.2mV and a 20 ± 3% decrease in G w . We also identified a 3–5 pA potassium current that was active at normoxic MP and upon anoxia activity decreased by 40%. We conclude that 1) in liver G w decreases with anoxia to reduce the ATP cost of maintaining concentration gradients, 2) anoxia modulates potassium currents with characteristics similar to background potassium channels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".