Sleeping bags, s’mores and the great outdoors : the role of nature-based leisure in refugee integration in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the potential impact of nature-based leisure on the acculturation strategies of refugees in Canada, with a focus on the integration mode, and in particular, the inclination to participate fully in the larger society. The study is underpinned by Berry’s (1997) acculturation theory, which posits the integration mode as the least stressful acculturation strategy for newcomers in multicultural countries. Four refugees from Africa and the Middle East participated: two women with children, and two single men. Participants’ ages ranged from 20 to 36 years. Semi-structured interviews and photovoice were used to explore refugees’ experience of a large-group winter camping experience at Long Lake Outdoor Centre in Alberta, and how it might provoke integration. Nature’s vaunted ameliorative and restorative impacts (Kaplan, 1995) and nature-based leisure’s positive impacts (Knopf, 1987) were evident in refugees’ responses to their experience. Participants appreciated the opportunity to be away from the city (Kaplan, 1995), and to share the experience of group leisure with family and friends (Knopf, 1987). Refugees felt safe and cared for because of the presence of parks and social services staff members, pointing to the role of creating a welcoming environment and social acceptance for refugees in society generally, in order to foster integration (Berry, 1997; Berry et al., 2002). In addition, helping refugees overcome constraints to leisure (Crawford & Godbey, 1987, as cited in Kleiber, Walker & Mannell, 2011) and mental health problems (Ellis et al., 2014; Fazel et al., 2005), are important to prevent separation and marginalization (Berry, 1997) as acculturative strategies. Finally, nature-based leisure was found to strengthen the innate desire within the individual to integrate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.021 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".