Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sixteen-day-old tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), near fledging, were collected in 1999 and 2000 from nine sites representing a gradient of dioxin concentrations, within the vicinity of the St. Lawrence River in Canada and the United States, to determine if organochlorine contaminants correlated with vitamin A levels measured as retinol and retinyl palmitate. Mean concentrations of hepatic retinol ranged from 3 mg /kg to 13 mg /kg, and from 0.35 mg /kg to 1.5 mg /kg for renal retinol. Mean concentrations of hepatic retinyl palmitate ranged from 18 mg /kg to 146 mg /kg, and 1mg /kg to 6 mg/kg for renal retinyl palmitate. In 1999, molar ratio of renal retinol: retinyl palmitate was significantly and positively correlated with total polychlorinated dibenzodioxin (PCDD) concentration. Among sites, total PCDDs ranged from 5.4 ng /kg wet weight to 79.5 ng /kg wet weight in tree swallows. These results suggest that current levels of organochlorine contaminants in the St. Lawrence River and surrounding tributaries may be interacting with the vitamin A pathway. Lower circulating levels and higher tissue concentrations of retinoids may result in compromised immune function and reduced reproductive success in adult birds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".