La comprensione della comunicazione non verbale nei bambini bilingui
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to highlight possible advantages determined by experience with two diverse linguist codes in the comprehension of non-verbal communication. This specifically, in those communicative acts that, to be understood, require: good meta-cognitive competence, meta-representational ability, inferential ability and the capability to attribute to this and to other cognitive states, and to forsee the behaviors on the basis of these inferences. The communicative acts investigated were: direct, indirect, deceitful and ironic actions. Two different groups were examined, one in Canada and one in Italy. The group in Canada consisted of 100 children; 50 French-English bilingual and 50 monolingual English children. The group in Italy consisted of 50 children; 25 French-Italian bilingual and 25 monolingual Italian children. Results of the present study indicate that the ability to speak two languages aids in the comprehension of non-verbal communicative acts. In particular, this advantage is evident in those communications that require comprehension of intentions in complex situations (deceitful and ironic actions)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".