Dietary vitamin D <sub>3</sub> at 50x the adequate intake increases apoptosis in the <i>quadriceps</i> of the female G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a pilot study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background We previously showed that dietary vitamin D 3 (D 3 ) at 50x the adequate intake (AI) increased functional capacity in the transgenic G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with females exhibiting signs of D 3 toxicity. ALS is a fatal neuromuscular disease characterized by death of motor neurons in the CNS, muscle weakness and paralysis. Objective In this pilot study, we analyzed the quadriceps of G93A mice following dietary D 3 supplementation at 50x the AI for contractile proteins (α‐actin; troponin C, trop C), inflammation (IL‐6), cell stress response (Hsp70), mitochondrial efficiency (UCP3) and apoptosis (CASP3 cleaved/pro ratio), mechanisms contributing to ALS pathology. Methods Starting at age 25 d, 41 G93A mice were provided food ad libitum with either adequate (AI; 1 IU D 3 /g feed; 12 M, 11 F) or high (HiD; 50 IU D 3 /g feed; 10 M, 8 F) D 3 . At age 113 d, the quadriceps were analyzed for protein content. Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.10. Results In females, HiD had 87% higher CASP3 vs AI (P = 0.084). Males had 59% higher α‐actin (P = 0.063), 21% lower trop C (P = 0.017), 42% lower IL‐6 (P = 0.099) and 58% higher Hsp70 vs females (P = 0.097). Conclusion Dietary D 3 at 50x the AI increases apoptosis in the quadriceps of female G93A mice, which could be due to D 3 toxicity. (Supported by NSERC and Faculty of Health‐York U). Grant Funding Source : Supported by NSERC and Faculty of Health‐York U
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".