Travels in a Cold and Rugged Land: C.H. Farnham’s Quebec Essays in <i>Harper’s Magazine</i>, 1883-89
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the 1880s, Charles Haight Farnham published eight articles on Canada in Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, seven of which were focussed on Quebec. Appealing to the rising anti-modernist impulse of many of his well-educated readers, Farnham described living examples of what was assumed to be the pre-industrial past in the lower St. Lawrence and Labrador regions. Farnham’s artfully written articles, set mostly in late fall and winter, depict a cold and rugged land, albeit one in which the traditional virtues and community ties of the folk remained intact, and hard-working people led simple, fulfilling lives uncontaminated by materialism and greed. The fact that Farnham chose to travel much of the coastline by canoe also reflected the contemporary middle-class concern with the softening effects of urban life. As a liberal American Protestant, however, Farnham’s anti-modernism was qualified by his repeated criticism of what he viewed as French-Canadian submission to an oppressive and obscurantist Roman Catholic Church.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.039 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".