Grain refinement of electron-beam-melted crystal bar zirconium by equal channel angular extrusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrowbeam (EB) melted crystal bar zirconium has a very low oxygen content (approximately 100 ppm by weight), but a coarse grain structure that needs to be refined to allow successfbl part fabrication by conventional methods. Cylindrical rods were sectioned fiom an EB-melted billet by electrodischarge machining, and enclosed in seamless nickel tubing by electron beam welding plugs ia each end to make a final billet 9.5 mm in diameter by 50 mm in length. The billet was deformcd by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) at room temperature in 120{sup o} tooling. Mer extrusion for 4 passes via route B{sub e} the material was annealed in vacuum for 1 h at 550 C. Because of the low oxygen content, the Zr could be successfully deformed by ECAE to high strains at room temperature. The as-cast grains were extensively subdivided by the processing. A fine uniform grain size of approximately 10 microns was achieved after the anneal, with a weak texture of only 2-3 times random.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".